Physical Layer Security Using the Wireless Channel Information
Given the amount of communication devices that make use of wireless networks, it is natural the concerning about their security. Cryptographic mechanisms currently used to protect such networks might no longer be reliable in the near future. In addition to that, low computational power and low power consumption devices, such as the ones devised for Internet of Things (IoT), require new security mechanisms, once the traditional ones might not be feasible in such scenarios. Therefore, physical-layer security arises in order to provide alternative security mechanisms by taking advantage of the random wireless channel characteristics. The present work presents the precoding technique, which does not rely on cryptography to secure information. Instead, it pre-distorts the confidential information using the authentic channel information in such a way that only the authentic receiver is able to recover it. However, it is shown that by using linear precoders, an eavesdropper might recover some information by employing blind equalization techniques. To prevent this, it is proposed the use of a non-linear precoder. Although precoding mechanisms are well documented for multiple antenna systems and for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation, the precoders presented in this work deal with single antenna devices and single carrier modulation, which are important for devices that have energy and space constraints. It is shown that the non-linear precoder outperform the linear one in terms of bit error rate and secrecy capacity in a scenario where the authentic and eavesdropper channels are correlated, and in a scenario where the eavesdropper uses blind equalization to try to recover the confidential information.
A different physical layer security mechanism, also presented in this work, consists in using the channel information to generate encryption keys at the authentic users. Several techniques are presented and some preliminary results are shown.