Tackling Multiple Byzantine Failures in Optical Networks Routed by means of Ant Colony Optimization
Routing algorithms based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) are especially vulnerable to byzantine failures, in which nodes authenticated behave arbitrarily and disrupt the network routing. In this work, we analyze the use of crankback re-routing extensions associated with ACO algorithm to manage byzantine failures that affect many nodes in a wavelength-switched optical network. We evaluate the following types of byzantine failures, which cannot be fully addressed by integrity or authentication mechanisms: misdirecting of foward ants, dropping of forward ants, and dropping of backward ants.
Simulations have demonstrated that the crankback mechanism can effectively mitigate the impact of multiple byzantine failures on the blocking probability without requiring an important increase of the path length or the setup time of the established lightpaths.