Vulnerability analysis against interception in OCDMA networks based on FFH encoding
The Cybersecurity and cyber resiliency are becoming crucial to the development of many technologies, especially in today's era of constant digital transformation. This dissertation presents a realistic analysis of security vulnerability at the physical layer level for optical networks based on OCDMA code division multiple access and fast frequency hopping spread spectrum coding (FFH-OCDMA). The network performance is evaluated considering both the ordinary incoherent modulation format known as on-off keying (OOK) and the advanced coherent modulation formats that occur by binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and phase shift and quadrature keying. (QPSK). In all cases, the effects of eavesdropping on simultaneously transmitted signals via an attacker carrying a similar replica of the receiver of the user of interest are evaluated. The analyzes consider two scenarios presenting distinct deleterious effects on the signal intercepted by the intruder: 1) only the multiple access interference (MAI) acts on the signal of interest and 2) both the MAI and the noise originating from the reception act on the signal of interest. For both scenarios, new expressions were proposed for the composition of the mathematical formalism responsible for quantifying the performance in terms of the figure of merit named as bit error rate (BER). The numerical results indicate that the decoding and recomposition of the intercepted signal information is continually hampered as the attacker commits more filtering errors (related to the design of the Bragg Networks that make up the decoder) during the inference of the code assigned to the user of interest . Additionally, it was found that the deleterious effects of MAI on the transmitted signal from the user of interest significantly and negatively impact the intruder's ability to recompose the information. This means that FFH-OCDMA networks are robust against eavesdropping and offer a viable solution to increase security in optical systems.