Catalytic applications of sulfonated carbons in the isomerization of terpenes
The use of heterogeneous catalysts derived from biomass has emerged as a sustainable alternative in the production of chemical compounds. Among these materials, sulfonated carbons stand out for their low cost, high catalytic activity, and ease of separation and reuse, all of which are advantageous characteristics for industrial applications.
Generally obtained from agro-industrial waste, such as sugarcane bagasse, these catalysts exemplify the principles of the Circular Economy by transforming disposable byproducts into value-added materials. Through bagasse hydrolysis, glucose can be used as a precursor in the synthesis of sulfonated carbons, allowing control of the porous structure and acid site density, optimizing catalytic performance.
These materials have proven effective in the isomerization of terpenes—natural compounds abundant in essential oils—enabling their selective conversion into high-value products such as fragrances, pharmaceutical intermediates, and polymer precursors. Catalytic activity is related to the presence of Brønsted acid groups, such as –SO₃H and –COOH, which influence the selectivity of the reactions.
Synthesis by hydrothermal carbonization, carried out under moderate temperature conditions and without an inert atmosphere, produces materials with complementary hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, favoring interactions with different reagents. Reactions such as the isomerization of limonene and α-pinene oxide are examples in which the nature of the acidic sites determines the formation of specific products with industrial applications.
Therefore, this work aims to develop and characterize biomass-derived carbon catalysts for the isomerization of terpenes, evaluating the impact of synthesis conditions and the reaction medium on the selectivity and sustainability of the process, in line with the principles of Green Chemistry.