Paradidactic book preparation and validation for probability education: the tread of a proposal for the ninth year of elementary school
The objective of this work is to describe and analyze the process of elaborating a paradidactic book to support the teaching of probabilistic content aimed at the ninth year of elementary school. Initially, we will seek to identify how students in this cycle conceive, based on everyday knowledge and/or what they learned at school, the meaning of different words that identify the type of language used by this group and identify whether they would like didactic material be elaborated in the form of a book (paradidactic) and in what form it would be. Textual analyzes will be carried out using the IraMuTeQ software (R Interface for Multidimensional Text and Questionnaire Analysis) in which we will use multivariate analyzes (Descending Hierarchical Classification - CHD, Factor Analysis and Similitude Analysis) and to complement the analyzes we will present word clouds, to evaluate the student's vision for the construction of the paradidactic book. The elaboration of a paradidactic book, after verifying and analyzing how the students have in mind which aspects should be considered, will be composed of problem situations or tasks, consisting of a sequence of subtasks, which can be carried out using various techniques, justified by the technology that uses the Probability Theory as an object of study. Thus, in the sequence, the probabilistic activities (tasks or problem situations) that will compose the paradidactic will be elaborated, taking as a principle the Anthropological Theory of Didactics - TAD by Yves Chevallard in the didactic organization and mathematical praxeology (probabilistic) to indicate didactic and theoretical aspects. In the preparation of activities, we will seek to use the North American document Guidelines for Assessment and Instruction in Teaching Statistics - GAISE II of 2020 and the National Common Curricular Base - BNCC of 2018 that meet the needs of students to understand and assimilate probabilistic concepts in this cycle of studies. Finally, the Theory of Didactic Situations - TSD by Guy Brousseau will be used, which will serve as a support for the evaluation of the activities that will compose the paradidactic book, considering aspects of intervention of probabilistic concepts with the ninth-grade classes of elementary school, seeking to identify the development of skills and abilities related to the basic notions of probability. It is believed that it is necessary to investigate and seek a broader and more grounded understanding of the use of paradidactic books, both in the development of reading and writing, and consequently, in the probabilistic content taught in the ninth year of elementary school. The intention of building the paradidactic is not to replace the textbook, but to complement it, and insert this material with one more element in the training of Basic Education students in relation to probabilistic contents. It is necessary to emphasize the importance of the student having contact with reading and interpretation of texts in their initial education, which can be helped with the paradidactic book, so they will work on these concepts in a more pleasant way.