Paradidactic book preparation and validation for statistic education: the path of a proposal for the fifth year of elementary school
The objective of this work was to describe and analyze the process of preparing a statistics book to support the teaching of probabilistic content aimed at the fifth year of elementary school. Initially, in Silva Santos' master's thesis (2021), the way in which students in this cycle conceive, based on everyday knowledge and/or what they learned at school, the meaning of different words that identify the type of language used by this group and identified that they would like teaching material to be created in the form of a book (paradidactic) for teaching statistics. The creation of a paradidactic book, after checking and analyzing how students conceive the aspects for its construction to be, is composed of problem situations or tasks, consisting of a sequence of subtasks, which can be carried out using different techniques, justified by the technology that uses the Probability Theory as an object of study. Thus, in the sequence, the probabilistic activities (tasks or problem situations) that will compose the paradidactic were elaborated, taking as a principle the Anthropological Theory of Didactics – TAD by Yves Chevallard in the didactic and mathematical praxeological organization (probabilistic) to indicate didactic and theoretical aspects. In the preparation of the activities, we sought to use the North American document Guidelines for Assessment and Instruction in the Teaching of Statistics – GAISE and the National Common Curricular Base – BNCC that meet the needs of understanding and assimilation of statistical concepts by students in this cycle of studies. Finally, the Theory of Didactic Situations - TSD by Guy Brousseau will be used, which will serve as support for the evaluation of the activities that will make up the paradidactic book, considering aspects of intervention of statistical concepts in fifth-year elementary school classes, seeking to identify the development of skills and abilities related to Statistics. It is believed that it is necessary to investigate and seek a broader and more grounded understanding of the use of textbooks, both in the development of reading and writing, and consequently, in the probabilistic content that is taught in the ninth year of elementary school. The intention of constructing the paradidactic was not to replace the textbook, but rather to complement it, and insert this material as another element in the training of Basic Education students in relation to statistical content. It is necessary to emphasize the importance of students having contact with reading and interpreting texts in their initial education, which can be helped with the textbook, so they will work on these concepts in a more enjoyable way.