SCHOOL CULTURE AND MATHEMATICS TEACHING: THE CASE OF GINÁSIO MUNICIPAL AMÉRICO SOUTO, AIQUARA-BA (1970-1980)
The social, political, economic and cultural transformations that occurred in Brazil in the 1960s, which we still feel the presence of today, greatly marked Brazilian society in the following decade, the 1970s. In the educational field, such transformations had as one of their consequences the reform of the Education Guidelines and Bases Law that came into force in 1971. Understanding the effects of these transformations, the new legislation and the policies that accompanied it has been the subject of research and debates in the area of History of Education in recent decades. Aiming to contribute to such debates, this thesis seeks to identify and articulate some characteristics related to school culture and, in particular, mathematics teaching, with the aforementioned transformations triggered from the end of the 1960s. Starting from the hypothesis that the effects of the political, social, economic and cultural context had an impact on school culture not only in large urban centers, as is known, but also in small cities in the interior, we considered the case of the Ginásio Municipal Américo Souto (GMAS ), opened in 1970 in the small city of Aiquara, in the interior of the state of Bahia. This choice was guided by recent research that investigated mathematics teaching at the primary level in Aiquara and which pointed to the potential contributions that a deepening and expansion of secondary education could offer for a better understanding of school culture and mathematics teaching. in the interior of the country. Thus, starting from theoretical-methodological references specific to studies on School Culture and the History of Mathematics Education, we consider a set of sources consisting, among others, of official documents, textbooks, student newspapers, artistic works and interviews with teachers who worked at GMAS. From the treatment and analysis of the sources and reflections developed in light of the theoretical references, it was possible to develop a first characterization of the school culture and mathematics teaching present at GMAS. It was also possible to establish connections between such characteristics and the context of political, social, cultural and educational struggles in Brazil in the 1970s. In this sense, it is worth highlighting the presence, in the GMAS school environment, of incentives for patriotic ideals according to the military perspective , the presence of cultural dissemination initiatives through parties and student newspapers, as well as the circulation, especially through textbooks, of new perspectives for the teaching of Mathematics, such as those developed by the Modern Mathematics Movement.