Analysis of statistical variability activities in PNLD textbooks from high school in Brazil: a look from international proposals
We understand that, given that statistical variability is part of many situations that can be verified in our daily lives, not only understanding and knowing how to deal with explanations of why this variation occurs, but also describing it, is part of understanding a distribution of Dice. We also start from the hypothesis that students cannot understand the nature of variability in a data distribution because of the lack of emphasis on the study of this variability, both in the mathematics curriculum and in textbooks. Thus, the objective of this work is to analyze the activities of statistical variability in high school textbooks, integrative projects, provided through the National Textbook Program - PNLD 2021 in Brazil, according to the Common National Curriculum Base - BNCC, the American Association of Statistics guidelines for Assessment and Instruction in Educational Statistics and the American Common Core State Standards for Mathematics and the curriculum guidelines for teaching mathematics in Chile and Australia. A qualitative methodology is followed, considering the components and their descriptions for carrying out the content analysis according to Klaus Krippendorff, that is: 1) Unitize; 2) Perform sampling; 3) Write/encode; 4) Reduce; 5) Infer; 6) Narrate. The sample was intentional and consisted of eleven high school textbooks (single volume, from the 1st to the 3rd year), which are in accordance with the Common National Curriculum Base – BNCC in Brazil.