THE PEDAGOGY OF COMPETENCES IN THE LOGIC OF LEARNING: BNCC AND THE NEW MORPHOLOGY OF LABOUR
Changes in the morphology of labor always induce changes in the way of understanding the roles of education and schools. Curricular reforms, in this way, usually move towards “modernizing” education; and in the most recent Brazilian case – that of the Brazilian National Common Curricular Base (BNCC) – this is condensed in a project to deepen individualization in educational processes. This work sought to identify the mobilization and use of the concepts of knowledge, competence and learning in three versions of the BNCC (2015, 2016 and 2018), complemented by analyses of the Brazilian National Curriculum Parameters for Secondary Education (PCNEM) (1998) and the Complementary Educational Guidelines to the Brazilian National Curriculum Parameters (PCN+) (2002), curricular policies from previous decades. Through textual analysis methodologies, the introductory texts and the sections of Natural Sciences of the documents were comparatively analyzed. It was found that, although the first versions of the BNCC did not mention the competences, the “learning rights” were used to organize contents and teaching objectives in the manner of the PCN. When incorporating aspects of Brazilian Secondary Education Reform, however, the third version of the BNCC distinguished itself from the previous ones not only by recovering the Pedagogy of Competences from the PCN, but by assuming the “learning rights” as the very purpose of the BNCC. Activated in the individual key of learning processes and freedom of choice, the Pedagogy of Competences is recontextualized at BNCC. The combination between competences and learning rights materializes in the curricular policy the specificities of the new morphology of labour: fragmented, ultra-individualized and that takes to its limits the notion of entrepreneur of the self. We tried to show that this educational project, responsible for a radical reduction of the school curriculum of Natural Sciences (Physics, Chemistry and Biology) of Secondary Education in Brazil, privileges the aspects of know-how instead of powerful knowledge as a possibility of flourishing and of a collective educational project of emancipation and humanization.