Quantum-Corrected and Hairy Black Holes via Analogue Gravity
This thesis establishes a theoretical framework connecting modified black hole geometries, obtained via gravitational decoupling and semiclassical corrections from the effective field theory of gravity, to analogue acoustic systems in Laval nozzles. The central objective is to investigate how controlled deviations from the Schwarzschild solution, characterized by hair parameters or by high-curvature quantum corrections, modify the effective potential of perturbations and can be mapped onto aerodynamic observables. The methodology combines the extended minimal geometric deformation formalism, subject to energy conditions, horizon structure, and asymptotic flatness, with the description of General Relativity as a low-energy effective field theory. This includes third-order curvature corrections associated with the Calmet-Kuipers metric. Scalar, vector, fermionic, and tensor perturbations are then reduced to Schrödinger-type equations in tortoise coordinates, allowing the same effective potential to be mapped onto the acoustic problem of an ideal, isentropic, transonic flow. The analogue construction is carried out through the aerodynamic factor $g_c=\rho_s A / c_s$, obtained via constraint equations, Frobenius expansion, and numerical integration, and applied to Laval nozzle profiles. The results show that the parameters $\alpha$, $\ell$, and $Q$ of the hairy solutions, as well as the effective coupling $c_6$, alter the nozzle geometry, Mach number, pressure, temperature, density, effective exhaust velocity, and thrust coefficient, with greater sensitivity in the fermionic sector than in the bosonic sectors. It is concluded that this mapping reframes hairy and quantum-corrected black hole solutions in aerodynamic terms, providing a complementary mathematical representation that enables their quasinormal spectra and associated parameter spaces to be examined through measurable profiles and flow quantities.