Protection theory and practice: an analysis of the measures adopted in the 1990-2018 period in the Brazilian automotive sector chain.
This dissertation aims to systematize the protectionist measures that Brazil adopted in benefit
of the automotive sector chain, from 1990 to 2019; define the effects of these measures on the
sector, and; verify if the practical results of protectionism converge with those expected by the
theories that defend it. For this, we begin by reviewing the definitions present in economic
theory about protectionism. Then, we describe the protective measures that the country used in
benefit of the automotive sector chain, from 1990 to 2019, systematizing the
arguments/justifications used to support the use of protectionist policies. The impacts of these
protective measures on the Brazilian automotive chain were also indicated. The initial
hypothesis of this paper was that, even though it benefited from protective measures, despite
and simultaneously with the opening of trade, the Brazilian automotive chain did not increase
its competitiveness to the point of losing its dependence on government support measures. The
recurrent use of subsidies and protection to the automotive sector chain, especially to the
automakers, contributed to the verification of the initial hypothesis; and the protection to the
automotive sector, during the studied period, can be considered selective protection, mainly by
the power of automakers' lobby. It is concluded that the applied protectionism did not bring the
expected results for the Brazilian automotive chain, mainly for two reasons. The first is the way
in which this protection took place: often without counterparts and in periods of crisis, without
a long-term strategic vision. The second, which is as important as the first, is that, paradoxically,
part of the protected companies in the automotive sector, at the limit, are part of the subject
against which protection is necessary since the automotive sector is characterized by the
dominance of multinational companies.