The fight against hunger and the agrarian question in Cuba: social differentiation and the peasantry in the province of Guantánamo.
Taking as a perspective the food crisis experienced under the capitalist mode of production as a permanent reality and the need to understand alternatives to it, the research aims to discuss the Cuban agrarian and food question, seeking to identify peasant differentiation in the different forms of land ownership in an economy in transition to socialism and policies that aim for Food Sovereignty. It will focus on the reality of the province of Guantánamo and the peasants' perception of this process. With a quantitative and qualitative approach, the research aims to be a case study with ethnographic excerpts, bibliographic review, and documentary analysis. We will bring the policies adopted, especially since the Special Period closer to theorists of the agrarian question, seeking to situate them theoretically, with the perspective of agrarian reforms and the different organizational forms of ownership and management of the food sector in Cuba, seeking to debate the role of the peasantry as well as its differentiation, especially in Guantánamo and how this process relates to Food Sovereignty. In the field, direct observation and open and semi-structured interviews with research institutes, agricultural cooperatives, and government agencies, as well as directly with peasants, will seek to support and verify the arguments of the initial review, establish criteria to identify peasant differentiation and compare the findings with the perception that the Guantánamo peasants have about this process.