Environmental planning trajectory and praxis in the São Paulo Macrometropolis and climate change: a case study on environmental zoning instrument
Territorial planning in its multiple levels and scales is the result of socioeconomic and cultural factors, as well as affects and is affected by the dynamics of the natural dimension. By looking at trajectory and praxis it is intended to explore the environmental planning process in a diachronic perception that considers both the path dependence and the current dynamics. This analysis is guided by the planning system, practice, and culture approach in the light of the social field theory, highlighting key elements to elucidate, frame and characterize this process, systematized in a planning process analytical framework. The territorial outline of the Macrometrópole Paulista, besides being a context for the research, enriches the work with latent characteristics of a complex and dynamic region. Climate change appears as pressure for environmental planning, both in the natural dimension, evidenced by the social and territorial impact of extreme events that affect the relationship between society and nature and in the political dimension, by the international agenda that influences public policies. To apprehend these elements, the research uses an environmental zoning instrument as a case study, by the deductive-inductive method. It is a consolidated, multilevel, sectorial instrument, characteristic of the environmental planning hegemonic model and which emphasizes the territorial and land use element. In the context of major socio-environmental transformations, which accentuate inequalities and intensify the need for planning and management models that respond to emerging problems, there is a key situation, which can be understood as an opportunity for innovation, unveiling models concerning justice.