INFLUENCE OF THE WATER MANAGEMENT ON THE ABSORPTION AND TRANSLOCATION OF ARSENIC AND CADMIUM IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)
Rice is an annual cycle plant, adapted to flooded soils, but develops well on non-flooded soils. It is of the family of the grasses, of the genus Oryza, that has around twenty species, being the most cultivated the Oryza sativa L. The plant is characterized by stalks ococ, reduced flowers of green color and specialized achenes (cariopses) as fruits. In Brazil, rice production comes from the irrigated and rainfed farming system, with irrigated irrigation accounting for 70% of the national production. Rice is the most important staple food in Asia and is considered an important source of cadmium and arsenic in the human diet in parts of Japan, India and China. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop measures to reduce the concentration of cadmium and arsenic in rice cultivars, several methods have been developed in the last decades, among them: the genetic improvement of rice cultivars that reduce the accumulation of arsenic and cadmium, the management of irrigation water is another promising method that affects the bioavailability of cadmium and arsenic in the soil and its subsequent absorption by rice.The present work has as objective to verify the influence of the water regime on the absorption and translocation of cadmium and arsenic in rice cultivar (Oryza sativa L.). A total of 48 groups were cultivated in plastic containers made from bottlenecks, with 16 groups in the irrigation regime with high water depth, 16 groups in the dry irrigation regime and 16 groups of low water irrigation, each of which had four different treatments (control, As, Cd and Cd + As). After the cultivation of the rice, samples of plant parts (soil, root, stem and grains) were sampled to analyze the metals as and Cd in the ICP-MS. Different irrigation regimes, variations in the amount of these metals, are expected to occur in the different parts of the plant in the parts of the plants mentioned.