PHOTOANODES BASED ON TIO2 AND GRAPHENE OXIDE FOR APPLICATION IN HYDROGEN GAS PRODUCTION
TiO2 and α-Fe2O3 are oxides widely investigated for use as photoanodes in processes such as the photoelectrochemical water splitting into H2 and O2. Despite being promising materials, these oxides have some drawbacks. TiO2 has a high band-gap energy (3.2 eV), making it sensitive only to UV radiation. The conduction band of hematite does not have the appropriate potential to reduce H+ to H2, preventing the reaction from occurring at an open-circuit potential, and requiring the application of an external potential for the reaction to occur. One strategy to overcome these disadvantages is to prepare heterojunctions of these materials, which can result in photoelectrocatalysts with improved properties. In this context, the use of microwave radiation in the synthesis of these heterojunctions becomes very attractive. In this work, the synthesis of a heterojunction of TiO2, α-Fe2O3, and graphene oxide was carried out using a one-pot microwave-assisted method. The materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared vibrational spectroscopy, and zeta potential, where the presence of TiO2 in the anatase phase, reduced graphene oxide, and Fe2O3 were identified. Electrochemical characterizations such as linear voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and measurement of the incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) were also performed to determine the photoelectroactivity of the materials. The results suggest better photoelectrochemical performance for the system containing the heterojunction compared to the system in which iron was not incorporated. However, the performance presented is still lower than initially expected, which may be related to mass transport problems and the quantity of graphene oxide in the heterojunction, limiting the efficiency of the photoelectrode.