TechPhos® application for sewage phosphorus recovering and fertilizer potential of generated sewage sludge
Phosphorus (P) is a vital macronutrient essential for food production and metabolic processes in living organisms, yet its sources are mineral and expected to become scarce in the next few decades. Brazil is the second largest supplier of food and agricultural products, as a consequence Brazil is the fourth largest consumer of P fertilizers, making it crucial to investigate P recovery by sustainable methods. Domestic wastewater is a potential P recovery source, because it contains P at a range of 4 – 16 mg P L-1. In this study, it was evaluated the potential removal of P from anaerobic effluent of wastewater treatment plant, as well as the potential phytotoxic effects on seed germination and potential release of P using TechPhos®, as adsorbent. TechPhos® is a iron modified clay and it was applied in all of studies of adsorption at 0.22 g L-1 concentration. Kinetic studies revealed a 60 minutes adsorption equilibrium. Isotherm studies have demonstrated a mixed mechanisms of multilayer and monolayer adsorption for P removal at pH 7 and 25 °C, and maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity 32.08 mg g-1 (R² = 0.8395). TechPhos® application at Monjolinho wastewater treatment plant effluent resulted in 10.8 mg L-1 adsorption capacity (initial concentration 3.7 mg L-1). Composition of Si, Al, Fe, Ca and Mg at TechPhos® was comproved by FTIR, XRD (quartz and montmorillonite peaks) and EDS (SEM). Phytotoxicity was evaluated by seed germination assay, demonstrating no or low toxicity for groups treated with sewage sludge containing TechPhos® after P adsorption. Seed exposed to conventional wastewater treatment sludge suspensions exhibited moderate toxicity. Therefore, this material has potential for P recovery using sustainable methodology.