Behavioral evaluation in rats submitted to neurodegeneration and antioxidant therapy
The study of neurodegenerative diseases has grown exponentially, influenced by the growing number of cases of these diseases, given the advance in population life expectancy. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the major cause of dementia in the elderly, and is characterized by progressive decline in cognitive function, and the presence of beta-amyloid protein (Aβ) plaques and TAU protein neurofibrillary tangles. Most cases of AD, around 95% of cases, are the sporadic form that affects individuals over 65 years of age, and whose main risk factor is aging. Intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (icv-STZ) has been used as an experimental model of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease (SAD) in rodents and is a promising tool, as it exhibits many aspects of SAD abnormalities, causing a decline in cerebral glucose metabolism, cognitive impairment and oxidative stress. Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a polyphenolic compound found in olive oil and part of the Mediterranean diet, is associated with a reduced incidence of neurodegenerative diseases. Many epidemiological studies have already shown the benefits of the Mediterranean diet in reducing the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases. This study evaluated the neuroprotective effects of HT in a model of Alzheimer's disease, evaluating behavioral measures in male Wistar rats induced to neurodegeneration by Streptozotocin (STZ) with intracerebroventricular injection (icv-STZ). Control animals received 4 μL of vehicle, pH 4.5 in citrate solution. Animals treated with STZ received 4 μL of STZ 3 mg/kg solution.