Genetic diversity of the Trypanosoma cruzi serine-peptidase 2 inhibitor in individuals with Chagas disease and use of the recombinant form in serodiagnosis
Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis is a zoonosis caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, belonging to the Kinetoplastida Order, Trypanosomatidae family, Schyzotripanum subgenus and Trypanosoma genus, being the third most common cause of parasitic infection in the world and the most important in Latin America, affecting, mainly rural and marginalized populations. T. cruzi infection can occur through vector transmission by triatomines, arthropods of the Reduviidae Family; congenital and by ingestion of infected triatomines present in sugarcane and açaí. After the initial infection, the acute phase with severe symptoms may occur, but commonly, Chagas disease progresses to the chronic or indeterminate phase, characterized by the absence of clinical signs and symptoms of cardiac or digestive involvement. The diagnosis of Chagas disease is performed by serological tests that use the parasite as an antigen, which reduces the specificity of the method. In the chronic phase, the detection of parasite nucleic acids with the available molecular markers has low sensitivity, and there is no highly accurate molecular test at this stage of the disease. There is also no marker that indicates the prognosis of the infected individual, which would help in the more efficient treatment of patients. Therefore, further studies are needed to obtain molecular and serological markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of Chagas Disease. Therefore, the objectives of this work were to investigate the role of the T. cruzi serine peptidase 2 inhibitor (TcISP2) in the diagnosis of chronic Chagas disease. For this purpose, blood and serum samples from patients with Chagas disease treated at the infection section of the Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, collected from 2019 to 2021, were included in the study to identify the gene that encodes the TcISP2 protein and to carry out of serological test by using its recombinant form produced in Escherichia coli bacteria.