Reading in adults with developmental dyslexia: integrated use of pupillary measures and functional magnetic resonance.
Introduction: Pupillometry in different paradigms has shown that pupillary dilation is closely related to increased cognitive load. This project aimed to investigate pupillary dilation together with functional magnetic resonance imaging. For this, a reading task was built considering factors of lexicality (words x pseudowords) and density of orthographic neighbors (low density x high density). Materials and methods: The sample consisted of a group of good readers (mean age = 25.18, SD = 5.55) and a group of adults with developmental dyslexia (mean age = 25.53, SD = 5.80 ) that were evaluated and screened by a neuropsychological battery that includes skills related to reading. Then, the experimental task was carried out, which consisted of the ecological reading of selected stimuli considering the factors lexicality and density of orthographic neighbors during the achievement of pupillary dilation and neural activation. Additionally, data collection was performed in a second population of good readers (N = 30, mean age = 21, SD = 4) with the same design to obtain behavioral measures. Results: in the measures of dilation, BOLD activation, and response time, the analysis of variance showed significance in the lexicality factor. Conclusion: Using different measures, with different epistemological characteristics, results were consistently obtained indicating that lexicality is a relevant factor in reading in Brazilian Portuguese.