The Conservador das Águas Project in Extrema, MG: Institutional Arrangements for Promoting Changes in Land Use and Vegetation Cover
Since the 1990s, the environmental agenda has introduced new market-based instruments to ensure
conservation, such as payments for environmental services, which have come to play a leading role
in policy and decision-making processes in environmental planning, both to ensure the conservation
of ecosystems and human well-being. The Conservador da Águas Project (CAP) developed in
Extrema, Minas Gerais, has been ongoing since 2005 and was a pioneer in the use of the Payment
for Environmental Services mechanism. However, the institutional arrangements are noteworthy for
potentially causing changes in land use, vegetation cover, and land distribution through the
municipal government’s expropriation of private land owned by rural landowners at elevations
above 1,100 m and 1,200 m, with the aim of promoting environmental protection. The objective of
this research is to understand, through critical readings of Political Ecology and distributive
environmental justice, how the institutional arrangements involved in environmental conservation
practices developed within the context of the CAP in the territory of Extrema, MG, contribute to
the transformation of land use and vegetation cover. To this end, a qualitative case study approach
and a quantitative correlational approach will be adopted, grounded in the integration of territorial
planning with environmental planning, to enable the analysis of land use and land tenure changes in
relation to environmental management tools such as payments for environmental services.