Non-trivial neutrino propagation in matter: Non-adiabatic evolution and neutrinos as open quantum systems
The solar neutrino problem highlighted the importance of neutrino interactions with matter during propagation, leading to their consideration in various contexts such as solar, atmospheric, and supernova neutrinos. The matter effect is typically incorporated via the average interaction Hamiltonian between neutrinos and ambient particles, allowing corrections to coherent oscillations. Adiabaticity, implying slow changes in matter density relative to the neutrino oscillation timescale, is often assumed.
However, both the method for incorporating neutrino-matter interactions and the adiabaticity assumption have limitations. For neutrinos with energies above 1 GeV non-adiabatic effects and decoherence may occur, needing the treatment of neutrinos as open quantum systems. Non-adiabatic dynamics can impact WIMP searches in the Sun, and decoherence offers a potential new avenue for exploring physics beyond the Standard Model.
This work is divided into two main parts. The first part investigates the non-adiabatic dynamics of core and atmospheric solar neutrinos, highlighting their differences. The second part introduces a formalism for open quantum systems, we call CAONS (Collisional Approach for Open Neutrino Systems), and explores the connection between decoherence parameters, cross-sections, and decay rates. This novel approach also provides constraints on neutrino-dark matter interactions.