Democracy, penal populism and punitivism in Brazil: an analysis of hate speech against the arrested person on YouTube
This work builds, through interdisciplinarity, a dialogue between Political Science and Social Sciences, to observe the itinerary of punitivism and penal populism in Brazil, from the post-military regime to the scenario of contemporary digitization. public security since redemocratization, the political-social components are listed that seek to explain the advance of the conservative wave to the right and the consistent media and political use of hate narratives against people arrested who committed crimes, culminating in the massive election of aligned parliamentarians hyperpunitivist agendas and highly representative politicians, such as former president Jair Bolsonaro and other political leaders In this context of the rise of security-authoritarianism, the process of choosing “social enemies” was observed, based on stigmatization and instrumentalization of moral panic, by penal populism, as an artifice of social reinforcement about the symbolic representations of the criminal in the media Faced with the dynamics of platforming life, in which Internet Social Networks have occupied a notable space in everyday life and established themselves as a central environment for socio-political discussion, this research concentrated efforts on identifying discourses of hatred towards criminals mobilized in the online environment, especially in YouTube comments , through a methodology based on automated textual and content analysis, combined with the IRaMuTeQ software, which accumulates functionalities to improve the investigation of voluminous corpus, identifying the most recurrent words, the relationships of meaning that are established between them and creating categories that foment the codebook of this analysis As main result of this onslaught, we found that the narratives that are addressed to people arrested online are based, almost exclusively, on hate speech, which aim to diminish the humanity of incarcerated people, claim for the urgent withdrawal of their rights and wish for death as a policy public security, always quite aligned with the discourse undertaken by political leaders adept at penal populism, being representatively more articulate and consistent in the media that presents itself as extreme right .