Criminology and Hospital do Juquery: pathologization and criminalization of poor childhood in São Paulo
The objects of the present study aim to analyze the criminalization, pathologization, and institutionalization of children and adolescents placed in the category of minors between 1900 and 1950 in the State of São Paulo, focusing on the psychiatric institution, Juquery complex, opened in 1898. A bibliographic review was made to contextualize criminology to think of this science as a discursive and practical form of social control, analyzing the construction of the category of minor, the stigmatization of children and adolescents as characters of imminent social danger of degeneracy, remaining eugenics to save society. Based on this discussion, the scenario of the city of São Paulo at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century was analyzed, as well as the total institutions dedicated to the imprisonment of minors. Within this scenario, the medical records of three institutions were analyzed, qualitatively and quantitatively, which were: the current Fundação Centro de Atendimento Socio-Educativo ao Adolescente, Manicômio Judiciário and Juquery in their entirety, as well as documents found in the Fundo Pacheco e Silva. The analysis demonstrated the pathologization of social issues and the use of psychiatry as a tool of criminology for social control.